The amazing development in the world of technology and information technology and the spread of its uses in all areas of life will necessarily lead to the introduction of modern technology as one of the necessary tools to serve justice in the field of litigation, expertise and arbitration.
Accordingly, I have prepared this article as an aid in understanding the impact of one of the applications of modern technology, which is Artificial Intelligence, in the field of judiciary, fatwas, and personal status.
.. {About the Expert} …
Expert Profile: Technical Expert Ahmed Bahgat Office is a registered office with the Economic Department in the Emirate of Dubai under Commercial License No. 828921 since 2019. It is owned and managed by Eng. Ahmed Bahgat Hasan, a certified expert with scientific and practical experience in the field of information technology, data center design and communications networks for more than 25 years of regional and global experience. He has technical experience in design, implementation, performance and defect analysis, management, integration of information technology systems, enterprise resource planning systems, simple and complex networks, solving problems based on information technology, network security and confidentiality, data services on the electronic cloud, as well as Internet TV broadcasting, audio, land and marine microwave towers, applications of using Artificial Intelligence and data analysis in the field of business and commercial disputes.
Eng. Ahmed Bahgat is a member of the Engineers Syndicate in the Arab Republic of Egypt and the United Arab Emirates, a member of the Dubai International Arbitration Center, an expert registered in the experts’ list at the Dubai Courts, the Ministry of Justice in the State, and the Abu Dhabi Judicial Department, an accredited arbitrator at the Sharjah, Ajman, and Ras Al Khaimah Center for International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation, and an expert registered at the Abu Dhabi Chamber of Commerce and Industry. The expert and arbitrator Eng. Ahmed Bahgat has arbitrated and given technical opinions as a delegated expert and consultant in no less than 600 cases and technical commercial disputes in all areas of banking, commercial, real estate, retail, communications, and major construction projects for the business sector, governments, and others inside and outside the United Arab Emirates, for example:
- Issues of enterprise resource planning and management systems, known as (ERP), including codes and programming in their various languages.
- Issues of social media platforms and chat programs, including digital designs, digital media work, publishing and rebroadcasting files, images, video clips, text and voice conversations, transcribing them, etc.
- Issues of dealing with cloud computing applications and problems of Artificial Intelligence applications (AI)
- Communications network issues, including mobile devices, wired and wireless networks, fiber optic infrastructure cables, surveillance cameras, etc.
- Cyber security issues, including everything related to spyware, hacking, technical tracking, technical forensics, as well as fraud cases using cryptocurrencies.
- Issues of cryptocurrency trading and the structure of the blockchain, known as Fintech.
This article was prepared by the expert Eng. Ahmed Bahgat Hasan and the right to publish and distribute it is limited to authorized persons only. The right to view the article is granted to those who are officially permitted to do so, whether readers or researchers, as the topic is presented in the form of questions and answers. We hope to God that it will be beneficial to the reader, researcher and student.
- From your legal specialization, how would you define Artificial Intelligence?
In general, AI can be defined as a set of computer technologies and systems based on high-speed supercomputer technology and storage space that have the ability to perform certain tasks similarly or even exceed human performance and speed, based on a set of data and prior analysis input to it. This can include machine learning, where the system learns from available data to improve its performance over time, as well as natural language processing, image recognition, and recommendation systems.
In legal terms, AI can be defined as a digital technology that simulates human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, decision-making, and problem-solving, through algorithms and computer models. AI is applied in a wide range of fields, including, but not limited to, legal analysis, judicial automation, smart contracts, and predicting legal outcomes.
In a legal context, AI is seen as a tool that can help speed up certain legal processes, such as legal research, predicting outcomes and judgments, or even assisting in drafting contracts. However, some legal issues arise around AI, such as legal liability in the event of an error, intellectual property rights associated with AI outputs, and privacy rights.
- When did the use of AI appear in legislative and legal aspects?
In the 1970s: Initial attempts to use AI technologies in the legal field began by developing simple expert systems aimed at helping lawyers analyze cases and provide legal advice.
1980s: More advanced systems based on extensive legal databases and logical rules were developed to assist in retrieving legal information and providing simplified advice.
A prominent example is the HYPO system developed at MIT, which was used for analytical legal reasoning in copyright cases.
1990s: This period saw improvements in computing capabilities and developments in natural language processing techniques, leading to the development of more complex systems that could better understand and analyze legal texts.
AI has been used to: Analyze contracts: to identify terms, conditions, and potential risks. Support judicial decisions: by providing recommendations based on legal precedents.
With the advent of the new millennium: Since 2000-2010: Increased use of the Internet and the spread of electronic legal databases. Development of advanced legal research tools that use artificial intelligence algorithms to improve the accuracy and speed of information retrieval.
New Applications: E-Discovery: Using AI to sort and analyze massive amounts of electronic data in legal cases.
Document Management: Organizing and automating the process of storing and retrieving legal documents.
2010s: The rise of machine learning and deep learning 2010-2020: The development of machine learning and deep learning techniques has improved the ability of systems to understand and analyze natural language with greater accuracy.
Advanced Applications: Predicting Legal Outcomes: Developing models that can predict case outcomes based on historical data.
Sentiment Analysis: Understanding and analyzing sentiment and opinions in legal documents.
Virtual Legal Aids: Programs that can provide initial legal advice to users. Notable examples include:
- ROSS Intelligence, a system that uses AI to assist lawyers in legal research.
- LegalMation is a platform that uses AI to automate legal document preparation and case analysis.
Current Decade (2020s): Continuous Integration and Innovation In 2022 and present: Integration of artificial intelligence with other technologies such as block chain and the Internet of Things to enhance transparency and efficiency in legal processes.
Recent developments:
Smart Contracts: Using self-executing software to manage and execute contracts automatically, with transparency, security, and high-level technical tracking.
Online Arbitration and Mediation: Using artificial intelligence to facilitate remote dispute resolution processes and finds several platforms from the United States and Argentina for E-Arbitration based on artificial intelligence.
Compliance and Regulatory Analysis: Helping businesses comply with ever-changing laws and regulations with advanced artificial intelligence systems.
We can summarize by saying that the use of artificial intelligence in legislative and legal aspects began in the late twentieth century 1975, but it witnessed a remarkable development in the first decade of the twenty-first century 2022. The origins of the use of artificial intelligence in law can be traced back to early efforts to develop legal decision support systems in the 1980s, such as expert systems that were used to analyze cases and provide legal advice based on pre-defined rules.
As technology and data processing capabilities evolved, artificial intelligence tools began to make significant advances in the early 2000s, focusing on improving efficiency in legal processes such as legal research, analysis, and predicting court rulings. Law firms and judiciaries began using these technologies in the late 2000s and early 2010s, helping to streamline and improve many legal processes.
Since then, the use of artificial intelligence has expanded to include a wider range of applications such as writing legal memoranda and automating contracts, analyzing big legal data, and using predictive analytics to estimate case fees and judgments, making artificial intelligence an integral part of modern legal technology, especially for law firms.
3-Do you think that artificial intelligence has served and contributed significantly to cases and the work of the courts?
Was that contribution negative or positive?
Overall, the contribution of artificial intelligence to the work of courts and legal cases has been mostly positive, helping to improve efficiency, accuracy, and save time. However, it is important to address challenges related to bias, privacy, and accountability to ensure that this contribution remains positive and impactful in a fair manner.
Positive shareholder equity:
- Competence in legal research: artificial intelligence tools are able to conduct extensive and comprehensive legal research faster than traditional lawyers, saving time and reducing costs.
- Data Analysis: artificial intelligence can analyze massive amounts of legal data and extract patterns and trends that can be useful in predicting outcomes or providing legal advice.
- Predicting judgments: Some tools use artificial intelligence to analyze case law and legal patterns to predict case outcomes, helping lawyers prepare their legal strategies.
- Automation of routine work: Many routine legal processes, such as document preparation or contract analysis, can be automated using artificial intelligence, reducing the administrative burden on lawyers and court staff.
Challenges and negative contributions:
- Over-reliance on technology: Heavy reliance on artificial intelligence may reduce the need for human critical thinking or legal expertise, which could impact the quality of legal work in some cases.
- Biases in Data: artificial intelligence can reflect biases in the data it is trained on, which can lead to unfair or discriminatory results. It lacks the human interaction that an investigator uses when questioning parties and witnesses in lawsuits.
- Privacy and Security: The use of artificial intelligence requires access to large amounts of data, which raises concerns about the protection of personal data and confidentiality.
- Legal accountability: The question of who is responsible if an artificial intelligence -driven process goes wrong is still not entirely clear.
Summary:
Yes, artificial intelligence has served and contributed greatly to cases and the work of the courts, and that contribution has been largely positive, despite the presence of some challenges and concerns that may raise some questions about the potential negative aspects as explained by both sides:
4- How can artificial intelligence programs provide legal explanations and justifications for their decisions?
Path-based Explanations:
- In complex systems such as neural networks, explanations can be made based on the paths the data took through the system to reach the final outcome.
Challenges:
- Complexity of some models: Some Complex artificial intelligence Models Such as Deep Neural Networks can be difficult to fully interpret.
- Bias and Fairness: Even with explanations, there may still be a challenge in ensuring that decisions made by artificial intelligence are fair and free from bias.
The importance of interpretation:
- Transparency and accountability: Explaining decisions makes it possible to hold the system accountable and verify its validity.
- Legal compliance: In many contexts, such as data protection laws, explanation may be a legal requirement to ensure that decisions do not result in discrimination or unfairness.
- Based on laws and regulations: artificial intelligence programs rely on a legal database containing texts of laws and regulations, when it makes a decision, it analyzes these legal texts to extract the rules that apply to the case in question, and then explains how these rules were applied to the facts to reach the decision.
- Case law analysis: Software reviews and analyzes previous rulings in similar cases, and uses these precedents as a reference to justify its decisions. Software might provide a justification such as: “Based on the Supreme Court’s ruling in Case X, this decision was made
- Generating Explainable Explanations (Artificial Intelligence): Some artificial intelligence systems are designed to be able to provide transparent explanations for their decisions. These systems explain the factors that influenced the decision, such as the weights given to different pieces of evidence or legal factors.
- Rule-Based Systems: In these systems, pre-defined logical rules are programmed that simulate the legal reasoning process. When a decision is made, the system can display these rules and explain how they were applied to the case.
- Identifying influencing factors: artificial intelligence can clarify the factors that influenced a decision, such as the evidence presented or the evaluation criteria used, which helps in understanding the legal basis for the decision.
- Simplified text communication: Some systems generate simplified text explanations that judges, lawyers, or other parties can easily understand, enhancing transparency and confidence in decisions.
Summary: artificial intelligence programs provide legal explanations and justifications by applying laws, analyzing case law, and using transparent interpretation systems that enhance understanding and documentation of the legal basis for the decisions they make, which enhances their reliance in legal contexts.
- Can these programs demonstrate how their decisions comply with laws and judicial standards?
Yes, absolutely, artificial intelligence programs can clearly and transparently demonstrate how their decisions conform to laws and judicial standards, which enhances the reliance on these tools in the legal field. The use of these programs can help ensure legal compliance, reduce errors, and improve the legal decision-making process, However, there are still challenges in ensuring the accuracy of this conformity, especially in cases that require complex legal interpretation.
- What legal and regulatory framework is needed for the integration of artificial intelligence into the judicial system? How can laws be updated to reflect the new reality of technology?
For artificial intelligence to be integrated into the judicial system effectively and fairly, a comprehensive legal and regulatory framework must be in place that covers definitions, transparency, accountability, anti-bias, data protection, ongoing assessment, and training, Laws must also be continually updated to reflect rapid changes in technology, while upholding the fundamental principles of justice and human rights, The level of implementation varies from country to country, and this requires the establishment of specialized committees to assess technological progress and develop new policies that reflect developments in artificial intelligence, in addition to periodically reviewing existing laws to include new technologies.
- What are the requirements for artificial intelligence to work in courts, especially in the judiciary and fatwa?
The use of artificial intelligence in the judiciary and fatwa requires comprehensive preparation that includes technical aspects, information technology infrastructure, internet lines, and the legal, regulatory, and ethical environment. It is necessary to have a strong infrastructure, clear regulations, continuous training for workers, and ensuring compatibility with societal values to ensure the effective and safe integration of this technology into the judicial system, in addition to setting standards for transparency, security, and compliance with legal standards. This should include rules for data protection, ensuring the quality of the entered data, and continuously modifying and improving the model in a manner that is consistent with laws and judicial ethics.
- How does artificial intelligence work in the judiciary and fatwa?
The mechanism of work of artificial intelligence in the judiciary and fatwa depends on collecting and analyzing data, learning from legal and jurisprudential precedents, processing texts using natural language processing techniques, to provide recommendations or fatwas, and provide clear explanations for decisions. This integration between artificial intelligence and humans enhances the accuracy and speed of decision-making, while maintaining transparency and accountability, as the artificial intelligence system will provide recommendations and support decisions by taking advantage of techniques such as natural language processing and machine learning. It is trained on legal data and judicial information to provide advice and interpretations based on existing legal systems.
- What are the standards for governance of the judiciary and fatwa in light of the objectives of Islamic law in light of the use of artificial intelligence?
Governance of judiciary and shariah in light of the Maqasid al-Shariah requires the establishment of strict standards to ensure that the use of artificial intelligence achieves the goals of shariah and promotes justice and ethics in society. These standards include compliance with the Maqasid al-Shariah, transparency and accountability, achieving justice and non-discrimination, security and privacy, independence and neutrality, adaptability to change, and adherence to ethical safeguards to ensure that its decisions are in accordance with Islamic rulings. This requires a comprehensive review to ensure that artificial intelligence algorithms are designed in a manner that respects Islamic values and principles, and that this is reviewed by more than one Islamic authority.
- How do you see the extent to which artificial intelligence can govern the judiciary and Casuistry?
Artificial intelligence has a great capacity to support the governance of the judiciary and Casuistry by enhancing accuracy and consistency, increasing efficiency, and providing in-depth analysis. However, to realize its full potential, it must be developed and used within a clear legal and ethical framework, focusing on compliance with the Maqasid al-Shariah and preserving justice. Artificial intelligence remartificial intelligencens a powerful tool, but ultimate authority must remartificial intelligencen in human hands to ensure a balance between innovation and adherence to ethical and legal values, as it works to improve efficiency and provide tools for analyzing legal data. However, artificial intelligence cannot completely replace human judgment, especially in matters that require a deep understanding of ethics, human values, and the origins and rules of religion.
- With regard to personal status, to what extent is the use of artificial intelligence successful in finding a suitable spouse? As a mediator in legitimate sermon proposals? In studying the medical compatibility of the betrothed? And other related cases.
Artificial intelligence can help in finding the right spouse by analyzing personal and compatibility data, but success depends on the accuracy of the algorithms and their respect for cultural and religious values. In cases of Legitimate Sermon and medical compatibility studies, Artificial intelligence can play a role in providing information and assisting in decision-making, but the human role remains crucial to ensuring that decisions are consistent with religious values and principles.
- From your perspective, what is the specific role of artificial intelligence in personal status cases such as marriage, divorce, etc.?
Artificial intelligence plays a role in analyzing personal status data and providing advice based on available information. It can help organize and coordinate procedures and provide recommendations based on comprehensive data analysis, but its role should be complementary to human judgment, not a substitute for it.
- Can artificial intelligence verify the existence of heirs and their conditions in inheritance cases? How is this done? Please provide practical examples.
Yes, artificial intelligence can help verify the existence of testators and their conditions by analyzing records and documents related to inheritance. Practical examples include using # systems to analyze will documents and property records to ensure compliance with inheritance laws. Taking into account what was left in the will and what may emerge from outside the records that are subject to customary laws.
- Can artificial intelligence also verify inheritance impediments? How does this happen?
Yes, artificial intelligence can check for inheritance impediments by analyzing data related to inheritance conditions. This is done through analytical programs that review documents and data to identify any impediments that may exist, such as divorce cases or religious impediments such as the heirs illegitimately killing the inherited, provided that all inputs are accurate and sound.
- How does artificial intelligence study the will before distributing the estate in inheritance cases? Please provide examples and models that have already occurred.
Artificial intelligence is used to analyze wills and verify their legitimacy based on the correct data entered into it related to the conditions of the will and the amount that the testator has the right to recommend, as well as taking into account the state of mind when making the will, with recommendations being given if the heir agrees to implement the will in full or adheres to the commitment to Sharia in the will.
- How does artificial intelligence apply or modify the will in inheritance cases?
As previously mentioned, artificial intelligence can provide recommendations for implementing or amending the will by analyzing the legal texts and directives contained in the will and its legitimacy and ensuring its implementation in a manner consistent with the testator’s wishes and the laws, as well as the testator’s approval of the will if the will exceeds the legal quorum of the testator. Artificial intelligence tools can be used to review wills and provide the necessary amendments.
- How does artificial intelligence work in calculating the estate?
The estate is calculated using artificial intelligence by analyzing will data, property records, debt obligations, and applicable laws. The algorithms determine the shares allocated to each heir based on criteria specified in the law and in the will, after recovering any debt as well as the money bequeathed and determining who has the right to the inheritance.
- In general, how can fairness and impartiality be ensured in Artificial intelligence decisions? In other words, can Artificial intelligence programs provide fair judgment without prior bias or influence from their training data?
Artificial intelligence programs can deliver fair judgments if procedures and practices that ensure integrity and transparency are followed. This requires designing unbiased algorithms, ensuring transparency of decisions, regularly reviewing systems, and providing accountability mechanisms. Human oversight also plays a crucial role in ensuring that final decisions are fair and aligned with ethical values. By investing in these practices, the risks associated with bias can be reduced, and fair and reliable decisions can be made. For instance, Artificial intelligence can assist in finding suitable spouses by analyzing personal and compatibility data, but success depends on the accuracy of algorithms and their respect for cultural and religious values. In matters of Islamic marriage proposals and medical compatibility assessments, Artificial intelligence can provide information and aid in decision-making, but human intervention remains critical to ensure that decisions align with religious values and principles. To guarantee fairness and integrity, Artificial intelligence systems must be designed to be transparent and auditable. This necessitates inputting diverse and comprehensive data and implementing mechanisms to verify the absence of bias. It is also essential to conduct periodic reviews to ensure that systems adhere to ethical and legal standards.
- What are the appeal and challenge mechanisms available against artificial intelligence decisions? How can individuals’ rights to review and challenge decisions of automated systems be guaranteed?
The law guarantees the right of appeal for both parties to a dispute as long as they follow the legal procedure within the specified timeframe. In this context, artificial intelligence cannot lodge an appeal. However, to ensure individuals’ rights to review and challenge artificial intelligence decisions, it is necessary to establish effective and comprehensive appeal mechanisms, providing clear explanations of decisions, enabling human review, and protecting individuals’ rights through training and awareness. There should also be independent regulatory bodies to ensure integrity and fairness, along with swift and effective procedures for appeals and grievances. Through these procedures, trust in intelligent systems can be improved and justice in their decisions can be ensured. The appellant must respond with argument and evidence to what the artificial intelligence program has overlooked, so that they have conclusive evidence to accept the appeal of the judgment and challenge it. Appeals mechanisms against artificial intelligence decisions include filing judicial review requests or introducing legal reviews, where individuals can challenge or appeal decisions made by automated systems. Systems should provide clear and specific procedures for appealing and reviewing decisions. Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence in litigation does not alter the levels of appeal. The mechanisms for appealing court decisions remain the same regardless of the method by which the decision was made. Therefore, individuals’ rights to review and challenge decisions, whether made by systems or humans, are already defined by law.
- How can transparency and accountability be ensured in artificial intelligence-based systems? Can users understand how the system arrives at its decisions?
Transparency and accountability in artificial intelligence systems can be ensured by providing clear explanations of decisions, open-sourcing and explaining how algorithms work, conducting independent audits, maintaining accurate records, providing channels for appeals and reviews, and effective communication with users. Through these measures, understanding of how systems arrive at their decisions can be improved, and trust and fairness in their use can be enhanced. Similarly, transparency can be ensured by providing comprehensive and clear information about how algorithms work and how decisions are made. This includes explaining the system’s internal processes and enabling the auditing of decisions.
- How can the data of individuals be protected and their privacy ensured when using artificial intelligence in the judiciary?
To protect individual data and ensure privacy when using artificial intelligence in the judiciary, a set of measures must be implemented, including compliance with laws, data encryption, access control, data minimization, anonymization, auditing, training and awareness, emergency response procedures, and collaboration with external parties. By following these practices, data security can be ensured and protected from unauthorized use, thus enhancing trust in AI-based judicial systems. Additionally, implementing data protection technology through strong security measures such as encryption, restricted access procedures, and ensuring compliance with data protection laws is essential. Clear policies regarding data collection and use must also be implemented.
- how can the risks of bias and discrimination in artificial intelligence-based judicial systems be addressed? And how can systems be trained to reduce these risks?
The risks of bias and discrimination in AI-based judicial systems can be addressed by analyzing and filtering data, designing unbiased algorithms, assessing and mitigating bias, continuous training, involving multidisciplinary teams, promoting transparency and oversight, establishing clear policies and procedures, and providing training and awareness. By adopting these strategies, justice can be improved in AI-based judicial systems, and the risks associated with bias and discrimination can be reduced. Additionally, bias can be addressed by training systems on diverse and comprehensive data and incorporating mechanisms to detect and mitigate bias. This requires regular review and continuous evaluation of systems through judicial oversight to ensure compliance with ethical standards.
- How can handling the evolutionary capabilities of artificial intelligence in a judicial environment? And should there be limits placed on how these systems learn and evolve?
The evolutionary capabilities of artificial intelligence can be handled through the implementation of clear regulatory policies that define how systems learn and evolve. This requires setting limits and standards for system updates and conducting periodic monitoring of changes to ensure that the evolutionary capacity of AI does not violate or contradict any laws or regulations. By making laws and regulations the guiding principle for the evolutionary capacity of AI, this approach requires the establishment of clear controls and procedures to ensure that systems operate fairly and in compliance with laws and ethical standards. This should include defining the scope of development, continuous monitoring and evaluation, emphasizing transparency, engaging stakeholders, setting controls for learning and adaptation, incorporating human review, developing ethical standards, and providing training and awareness. Through these measures, safe and fair technological development can be achieved, enhancing the effectiveness of the judicial system.
- Generally, how can public build trust in the use of artificial intelligence in the judicial system? What measures are necessary to ensure public acceptance of this technology?
Public trust can be built by ensuring transparency, accountability, and fair application of systems, as well as providing mechanisms for appealing system decisions. Additionally, public training and education through media on how the technology works and its potential benefits are essential. Building public trust in the use of artificial intelligence in the judicial system requires implementing measures to ensure transparency, effective communication with the public, security and privacy, justice and equality, adherence to ethical values, continuous evaluation and updating, oversight and accountability, and collaboration with stakeholders. By following these measures, public acceptance of the technology can be enhanced, and confidence in AI-based judicial systems can be increased.
- How can systems be designed to enhance collaboration between judges and artificial intelligence? What is the ideal balance between human and AI judgment?
Systems can be designed to enhance collaboration by providing judges with supportive tools, such as data analysis tools and recommendations, while maintaining the judges’ role in making final decisions. The ideal balance involves using artificial intelligence to improve efficiency without replacing human judgment. Designing judicial systems to foster collaboration between judges and AI requires clear role definitions, promoting effective collaboration, transparency, continuous review and improvement, training for judges and users, adherence to legal and ethical values, maintaining a balance of power, and engaging stakeholders. By following these measures, an optimal balance between human and AI decision-making can be achieved, enhancing the efficiency of the judicial system and ensuring fair decisions.
- What are the legal foundations governing contracts between judicial authorities and AI technology providers? How are rights, obligations, and responsibilities determined in these contracts?
The legal foundations governing contracts between judicial authorities and AI technology providers include adherence to general laws and regulatory compliance, defining rights and obligations, responsibilities for protection and security, quality standards and evaluation, legal and ethical obligations, risk management, intellectual property rights, dispute resolution procedures, and compliance with contractual requirements. By clearly defining these foundations, it ensures that technology is used effectively and safely within the legal framework and enhances trust between the stakeholders. Generally, the legal foundations are governed by AI regulations as well as general contract laws, with additional clauses related to security, data protection, and performance. Rights, obligations, and responsibilities are determined through negotiation and documented terms in the contract.
- In the event of error or damage caused by the use of AI in the judiciary, how is liability determined? Is it the responsibility of the technology provider or the judicial authority using it?
If the error caused by the flaws in the algorithms used for data analysis, leading to the AI’s inability to understand or analyze the case, the liability falls on the technology provider. However, if the error arises from incorrect data input into the system, which leads to results based on this incorrect data, the liability rests with the judicial authority that provided the data. Thus, the technology provider may be responsible for system defects, while the judicial authority might be liable for incorrect usage. Determining liability for errors or damages caused by AI in the judiciary requires a detailed analysis involving the technology provider, the judicial authority, and sometimes other parties. Liability may depend on contractual obligations, quality guarantees, training and support, oversight and correct usage, and overlaps between responsibilities. Local and international laws, as well as relevant legal principles, must be considered to accurately determine liability and provide appropriate compensation for damages.
- What are the mechanisms for Sharia and legal auditing and oversight of the use of artificial intelligence in the judiciary? How can compliance with required standards be ensured?
Mechanisms for Sharia and legal auditing and oversight include conducting regular performance reviews and compliance checks with Sharia and legal standards, establishing specialized committees to monitor system adherence, and randomly sampling cases where AI has been used to review case documents and the AI’s findings. This review should ensure that the AI’s analysis and proposed decisions align with laws and Sharia, considering various levels of litigation and types of cases. Compliance can be ensured by setting specific standards, reviewing performance reports through judicial inspections, and including IT engineers and AI experts among the inspection team. Mechanisms for Sharia and legal oversight involve forming independent oversight Entities, conducting periodic performance reviews, ensuring transparency and disclosure, defining performance and evaluation standards, implementing corrective actions, providing training and awareness, and collaborating with experts. By implementing these mechanisms, it is possible to ensure that judicial systems using AI adhere to required standards and operate fairly and transparently with the involvement of judges, engineers, and technology experts.
- What are the names of prominent artificial intelligence programs used in courts, and what is the use of each?
One of the most notable AI programs used in courts is Rasa: It is used to develop automated chatbot systems that assist in providing legal consultations either for free or through a modest subscription.
In addition, there are several other software packages, which tend to be more costly but play a significant role in improving the efficiency of the judicial system by providing precise information analysis. For Examples:
ROSS Intelligence
- Usage: Used for legal research. Analyzes legal texts and information to provide accurate answers to legal questions, aiding lawyers and judges in quickly finding relevant information.
LexisNexis Legal Analytics
- Usage: Provides advanced legal analytics based on big data. Used to analyze past decisions, identify legal trends, and predict case outcomes based on historical data.
Westlaw Edge
- Usage: An advanced legal research tool that provides legal analytics and insights based on case data and legal texts. Includes tools for predicting outcomes and analyzing case law, helping lawyers develop better legal strategies.
Judicata
- Usage: Assists in analyzing legal texts and identifying patterns in judicial rulings. Provides insights into how judges interpret laws and how these interpretations impact current cases.
Casetext
- Usage: Focuses on improving legal research by providing advanced search tools and AI-driven legal commentary. Also includes a tool called “CoCounsel” that aids in legal review and document analysis.
Blue J Legal
- Usage: Uses AI to analyze legal data and provide predictions on how judges might rule on cases. Helps lawyers build data-driven legal strategies
Luminance
- Usage: An AI tool for automating legal document review, particularly in electronic discovery. Analyzes legal texts, discovers patterns, and identifies important documents.
Ravel Law
- Usage: Provides AI-based legal analytics and insights. Includes tools for tracking cases and analyzing judicial decisions, helping lawyers better understand the legal context.
DoNotPay
- Usage: A legal app that uses AI to assist individuals deal with simple legal matters such as appealing traffic tickets, filing complaints against companies, and creating legal documents.
CourtListener
- Usage: An open-source legal database that provides access to the texts of judicial decisions and allows users to search and analyze these texts using AI tools.
Summary
AI programs in courts used in multiple purposes, including legal research, analysis of legal texts and data, predicting case outcomes, automating document review, and enhancing legal strategies. By using these tools, legal efficiency and the quality of judicial decisions can be improved.
